Ketamine (HCl)

Ketamine (HCl) non barbiturate, sedative hypnotic used parenterally to provide anaesthesia for short diagnostic and surgical procedures. Ketamine (HCl) is arylcyclohexylamine chemically related to phencyclidine (PCP). Ketamine is a fairly short-acting anesthetic that provides a profound, rapid, dissociative anesthesia and a short recovery time. Ketamine (HCl) is a desirable agent in patients who are hypotensive. Ketamine (HCl) can be used concomitantly with a muscle relaxants without complication because Ketamine (HCl) does not provide muscle relaxation. Ketamine efficacy is offset by the frequent occurrence of dysphoria. Ketamine received FDA approval in 1970. Although the exact mechanism of action is not known, ketamine appears to be an agonist at CNS muscarinic acetylcholine-receptors and opiate-receptors.

Ketamine (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like General anaesthesia, Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, Pre-procedure sedation.

Ketamine (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Angina, Hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Psychiatric disease, Raised intracranial pressure, Eclampsia, Acne rosacea.

The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Ketamine (HCl), which give rise to further complications include Sinus tachycardia, Hallucinations, Hypotension, Maculopapular rash, Hypertension, Sinus bradycardia, Respiratory depression, Laryngospasm. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Ketamine (HCl) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Skin rashes, Diplopia, Nightmares, Psychotomimetic reaction, Nystagmus, Delirium, Apnea, Pain at injection site, Skin rashes.

Do not administer ketamine alone in case of surgery or diagnostic procedures of pharynx, larynx. Avoid use in patients with hypertension and history of cerebrovascular accident or increase intraocular pressure. It should be used with caution in patients with elevated CSF pressure. It should be used with caution in chronic alcoholic and acutely alcohol intoxicated patients. Do not drive, operate hazardous machinery for 24 hrs. or more after taking drug. It should be avoided in patients prone to hallucinations & psychotic disorders.

Drug should not be given to Cardiac / Hypertensive Patients. If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.

450 to 1000 mg (720 (725)) 24 hourly IM — 50 to 350 mg (200 (200)) 24 hourly IV — Slowly over 60 sec. Scraped Dose — Fasting prior to induction of anesthesia or restraint with ketamine hydrochloride is not essential; however, when preparing for elective surgery, it is advisable to withhold food for at least six hours prior to administration of ketamine hydrochloride. Anesthesia may be of shorter duration in immature cats. Restraint in subhuman primate neonates (less than 24 hours of age) is difficult to achieve. As with other anesthetic agents, the individual response to ketamine hydrochloride is somewhat varied depending upon the dose, general condition, and age of the subject so that dosage recommendations cannot be absolutely fixed. DOSAGE: Cats: A dose of 11 mg/kg (5 mg/lb) is recommended to produce restraint. Dosages from 22 to 33 mg/kg (10 to 15 mg/lb) produce anesthesia that is suitable for diagnostic or minor surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. Subhuman primates: The recommended restraint dosages of ketamine hydrochloride for the following species are: Cercocebus torquatus (white-collared mangabey), Papio cynocephalus (yellow baboon), Pan troglodytes verus (chimpanzee), Papio anubis (olive baboon), Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan), Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque) 5 to 7.5 mg/kg; Presbytis entellus (entellus langur) 3 to 5 mg/kg; Gorilla gorilla gorilla (gorilla) 7 to 10 mg/kg; Aotus trivirgatus (night monkey) 10 to 12 mg/kg; Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) 5 to 10 mg/kg; Cebus capucinus (white-throated capuchin) 13 to 15 mg/kg; and Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque), Macaca radiata (bonnet macaque), and Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey) 12 to 15 mg/kg. A single intramuscular injection produces restraint suitable for TB testing, radiography, physical examination, or blood collection.

0.5 to 2 mg/kg (1.2 (1.25)) As recommended. Intravenous — As required 3 to 7 mg/kg (5 (5)) As recommended. Intra Muscular — As Required

No neonatal dosage information is recorded for this medicine yet.

Ketamine (HCl) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAlcoholAminophyllineEnfluraneErgometrine (Maleate)EtherHalothaneHalothaneMemantineMidazolamPancuronium (Br)PropiomazineConcurrent use of ketamine, especially in high doses or when rapidly administered, with propiomazine may increase the risk of hypotension or respiratory depression.Thyroxine (Na)Vecuronium (Br)VORICONAZOLEVoriconazole may increase the serum concentration of ketamine by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

IV Inj, IV Inf, IM Inj Store at room temperature, Below 30°C. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight.