Morphine

Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic used to treat acute or severe pain when alternative pain relief medicines are not effective or not tolerated. It is a Schedule II controlled substance available as tablets, extended-release tablets and capsules, an oral liquid, suppositories, and in injectable formulations. Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, misuse, overdose, and death, which can occur at any dosage or duration and persist over the course of therapy, reserve morphine for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. Morphine belongs to the drug class called opiate (narcotic) analgesics and is a full opioid agonist that is relatively selective for the mu-opioid receptor. However, it can bind to other opioid receptors at higher doses. The exact way it works is unknown, but it is thought to alter how the brain and nervous system respond to pain. Morphine may also be abused and should not be used in patients with a history of substance abuse or opioid abuse . Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. Morphine first gained FDA approval in 1984.

Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic used to treat acute or severe pain when alternative pain relief medicines are not effective or not tolerated. It is a Schedule II controlled substance available as tablets, extended-release tablets and capsules, an oral liquid, suppositories, and in injectable formulations. Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, misuse, overdose, and death, which can occur at any dosage or duration and persist over the course of therapy, reserve morphine for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. Morphine belongs to the drug class called opiate (narcotic) analgesics and is a full opioid agonist that is relatively selective for the mu-opioid receptor. However, it can bind to other opioid receptors at higher doses. The exact way it works is unknown, but it is thought to alter how the brain and nervous system respond to pain. Morphine may also be abused and should not be used in patients with a history of substance abuse or opioid abuse . Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. Morphine first gained FDA approval in 1984.

You should not take this medicine if you have ever had an allergic reaction to morphine or other opioid medicines or if you have: severe asthma or breathing problems; a stomach or bowel obstruction (including paralytic ileus ); or if you have used an MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days, such as isocarboxazid , linezolid , methylene blue injection, phenelzine , or tranylcypromine . To make sure morphine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ), sleep apnea , or other breathing disorder; a head injury , brain tumor , high pressure inside the skull, or seizures ; a drug or alcohol addiction or mental illness; urination problems; problems with your bile duct, gallbladder, pancreas, thyroid, or adrenal gland; or liver or kidney disease. Tell your doctor if you also use stimulant medicine, other opioid medicine, herbal products , or medicine for depression , mental illness, Parkinson's disease , migraine headaches, serious infections, or prevention of nausea and vomiting. An interaction with morphine could cause a serious condition called serotonin syndrome.

The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Morphine, which give rise to further complications include Dependency. Morphine produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Coma, Respiratory depression, Anaphylactic shock, Cyanosis. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Morphine therapy. The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Morphine include Hypotension, Coma, Hypothermia, Tremor, Dysphoria, Sedation, Respiratory failure, Nausea & vomiting. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Morphine are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Nausea, Restlessness, Constipation, Urinary retention, Urticaria, Pruritus, Itching, Hallucination, Postural hypotension, vomiting, Hyperactivity, Biliary spasm, Mental clouding, Asthma.

Morphine should be used with caution in patients with central nervous system (CNS) depression, convulsive disorder, ulcerative colitis, fever, recent gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, bradyarrhythmia, supraventricular tachycardia, pulmonary diseases. Patients should exercise caution while driving or performing tasks requiring alertness because it may produce drowsiness.

Drug should not be given to patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction. If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.

0.2 to 1 mg (0.6 (0.6)) 12 hourly Intra Thecal — 15 mg (15 (15)) 4 hourly Intra Rectal — 2.5 to 5 mg (3.8 (3.75)) As recommended. IV Inf — Maintenance , at every hour 5 to 15 mg (10 (10)) 4 hourly IM — 5 to 15 mg (10 (10)) As recommended. IV Inf — Load for half an hour Scraped Dose — Take morphine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Never use morphine in larger amounts or for longer than prescribed. Tell your doctor if you feel an increased urge to use more morphine. Never crush a pill to inhale the powder or inject it into your vein. This could result in death. Swallow the extended-release capsule or tablet whole to avoid exposure to a potentially fatal overdose. Do not crush, chew, break, open, or dissolve. Measure liquid medicine with the supplied measuring device (not a kitchen spoon). Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse. You should not stop using morphine suddenly. Stopping suddenly may cause withdrawal symptoms. Ask your doctor before stopping the medicine. Your dose needs may change if you switch to a different brand, strength, or form of this medicine. Avoid medication errors by using only the medicine your doctor prescribes. Never share opioid medicine with another person, especially someone with a history of drug addiction. MISUSE CAN CAUSE ADDICTION, OVERDOSE, OR DEATH. Keep the medicine where others cannot get to it. Selling or giving away this medicine is against the law. Do not keep leftover medicine. Just one dose can cause death for someone using it accidentally or improperly. Ask your pharmacist about a drug take-back program, or flush the unused medicine down the toilet. Store tightly closed at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and light. Keep your medicine in a place where no one can use it improperly.

0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg (0.15 (0.15)) 4 hourly Intra Muscular — - 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg (0.15 (0.15)) 4 hourly Subcutaneous — - 0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg (0.3 (0.3)) 4 hourly Oral — -

0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg (0.15 (0.15)) 4 hourly Intra Muscular — - 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg (0.15 (0.15)) 4 hourly Subcutaneous — - 0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg (0.3 (0.3)) 4 hourly Oral — -

Many other drugs can be dangerous when used with opioid medicine. Tell your doctor if you also use: Medicine for allergies, cough , asthma, blood pressure, motion sickness , irritable bowel, or overactive bladder ; Other opioid pain medicine or prescription cough medicine; cimetidine , verapamil , quinidine ; Sleep medicine, muscle relaxers, or other drugs that make you drowsy; or A benzodiazepine sedative like Valium , Klonopin , or Xanax Mixed agonist/antagonist and partial agonist opioid analgesics: Avoid use with morphine because they may reduce the analgesic effect of morphine or precipitate withdrawal symptoms Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Can potentiate the effects of morphine. Avoid concomitant use in patients receiving MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping treatment with an MAOI Gabapentinoids, such as gabapentin or pregabalin Serotonergic drugs, such as fluoxetine, tramadol, or amitriptyline. Concomitant use may result in serotonin syndrome. Discontinue morphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. This list is not complete and many other drugs may affect morphine. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins , and herbal products. Not all possible drug interactions are listed here.

Inj Store Below 40°C. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight.