Sulphamethizole

Sulphamethizole is a short acting sulphonamide that is given by mouth in treatment of infections of urinary tract.

Sulphamethizole is primarily indicated in conditions like Urinary tract infection, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Otitis media, Prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

Sulphamethizole is contraindicated in conditions like Renal failure,Hepatic failure.

The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Sulphamethizole, which give rise to further complications include Stevens johnson syndrome, Epidermal necrolysis, Dermatitis, Anuria.Sulphamethizole produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anemia. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Sulphamethizole therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Sulphamethizole include Exfoliative dermatitis, Fever, Rashes, Pruritus, Nephritis.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Sulphamethizole are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Anorexia, Diarrhea, Fever, Hypersensitivity, Nausea and vomiting.

In patients using it,adequate fluid intake is necessary to reduce risk of crystalluria. Sulphamethizole should be discontinued immediately if rash appears. Sulphamethizole should be given with care to patients with severe hepatic or renal failure,asthma,allergy. Sulphamethizole is bacteriostatic, a structural analogue of PABA that interferes with nucleic acid synthesis.

Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, patients suffering from Liver Malfunction, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.

1.5 to 4 g/day (2.8 (2.75)) 6 hourly oral —

30 to 50 mg/kg/day (40 (40)) 6 hourly PO —

No neonatal dosage information is recorded for this medicine yet.

Sulphamethizole is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementCarbamazepineCarbamazepine may be displaced from protein binding sites or their metabolism may be inhibited by some sulfonamides, resulting in increased or prolonged effects or toxicity.Dosage adjustments may be necessary during and after sulfonamide therapyCyclosporin AConcurrent use with sulfonamides may increase the metabolism of cyclosporine, resulting in decreased plasma concentrations and potential transplant rejection, and additive nephrotoxicity.Plasma cyclosporine concentrations and renal function should be monitored.Estradiol.Concurrent long-term use of sulfonamides may result in increased incidence of breakthrough bleeding and pregnancyEstrogens ConjugatedConcurrent long-term use of sulfonamides may result in increased incidence of breakthrough bleeding and pregnancyGliclazideGliclazide may be displaced from protein binding sites or their metabolism may be inhibited by some sulfonamides, resulting in increased or prolonged effects or toxicity.Dosage adjustments may be necessary during and after sulfonamide therapyGlimepirideGlimepiride may be displaced from protein binding sites or their metabolism may be inhibited by some sulfonamides, resulting in increased or prolonged effects or toxicity.Dosage adjustments may be necessary during and after sulfonamide therapyGlipizideGlipizide may be displaced from protein binding sites or their metabolism may be inhibited by some sulfonamides, resulting in increased or prolonged effects or toxicity.Dosage adjustments may be necessary during and after sulfonamide therapyHeparinoidHeparinoid may be displaced from protein binding sites or their metabolism may be inhibited by some sulfonamides, resulting in increased or prolonged effects or toxicity.Dosage adjustments may be necessary during and after sulfonamide therapyMethenamineIn acid urine, methenamine breaks down into formaldehyde, which may form an insoluble precipitate with certain sulfonamides, especially those that are less soluble in urine, and may also increase the danger of crystalluria.Concurrent use is not recommended.MethotrexateThe effects of methotrexate may be potentiated during concurrent use with sulfonamides because of displacement from plasma protein binding sites.PenicillamineSince bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal effect of penicillins in the treatment of meningitis or in other situations where a rapid bactericidal effect is necessaryPhenylbutazone Phenylbutazone may displace sulfonamides from plasma protein binding sites, increasing sulfonamide concentrations.Phenytoin (Na)Phenytoin (Na) may be displaced from protein binding sites or their metabolism may be inhibited by some sulfonamides, resulting in increased or prolonged effects or toxicity.Dosage adjustments may be necessary during and after sulfonamide therapyProcaineSulfonamides may be antagonized by para-aminobenzoic acid and its derivaties like procaine group of anesthetics.Sodium BiphosphateConcurrent use may decrease the effectiveness of Sodium Biphosphate.SulphinpyrazoneSulphinpyrazone may displace sulfonamides from plasma protein binding sites, increasing sulfonamide concentrations.TeniposideConcurrent use may result in potentiation of drug toxicity.Warfarin (Na)Warfarin (Na) may be displaced from protein binding sites or their metabolism may be inhibited by some sulfonamides, resulting in increased or prolonged effects or toxicity.Dosage adjustments may be necessary during and after sulfonamide therapy These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

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