Goitre
Not yet clinically reviewed
This protocol was migrated from the earlier Pharmapedia and Ward Guide apps for educational use. Follow your hospital's own policies and consult seniors when in doubt.
A goiter (GOI-tur) is the irregular growth of the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck just below the Adam's apple.
A goiter may be an overall enlargement of the thyroid, or it may be the result of irregular cell growth that forms one or more lumps (nodules) in the thyroid. A goiter may be associated with no change in thyroid function or with an increase or decrease in thyroid hormones.
Characteristic features
- Common in regions with low - iodine diets.
- High rate of congenital hypothyroidism and cretinism.
- Goiters may become multinodular and enlarge.
- Most adults with endemic goiter are euthyroid; however, some are hypothyroid or hyperthyroid.
Management
- Small euthyroid goiters do not require treatment.
- Advice use of iodized salts in mountainous (iodine deficient) areas
- Treat associated hypothyroidism / hyperthyroidism
- Give symptomatic therapy
- Perform sub - total thyroidectomy where indicated (in case of obstructive symptoms like dysphagia, dyspnea etc.).
- Better to refer the patient to Endocrinologist or surgeon where complications or malignancy is suspected.